Adult dogs and mixed ancestry
The useful evidence is a dog someone has already lived with. A breed page is a list of questions to take to that meeting.
Mixed ancestry is not a weaker result
Morrill et al. built their 2022 Science study to include mixed-breed dogs, not only pedigrees. Breed explained about 9% of individual behavioral variation across that whole group. A guessed mix is not missing a score that a purebred label would have made precise. Physical traits such as size and coat are easier to see than behavior, on a mixed-breed dog and on a purebred one.
Why adults answer the questionnaire better
Hours alone, stairs, noise, and life with a cat are things a foster can report. A puppy can only offer a prior. If you want a puppy, plan for the adult that prior points toward, and expect the individual to depart from it. Senior dogs add another honest data source: what they do now, not what a standard says a young dog might do.
Ask these, then watch
- What happens two hours after a walk?
- How was time alone observed, for how long, and what did the dog do?
- What does the coat require this week?
- What do they weigh, and what do they sound like when someone knocks?
- Which animals and which ages of children have they actually met?
- What training stuck, and what fell apart on a bad day?
Foster-to-adopt is a fair trial because either of you can stop. A kennel being quiet is not the same as an apartment being quiet. No answer on this site certifies safety with children, safety with other pets, or comfort for someone with allergies.
Use the assessment to build your question list
- Science: Ancestry-inclusive dog genomics challenges popular breed stereotypes · accessed 2026-11-05
- ASPCA: General Dog Care · accessed 2026-11-05